Andrej LANG
What role can fourth branch institutions play in militant democracy? Andrej Lang examines their potential and limitations in ‘The Fourth Branch and Militant Democracy’ as part of the Safeguarding Democracy Now Symposium.
Kriszta KOVÁCS
Kriszta Kovács examines the “paradox of militant democracy” under the European Convention on Human Rights. Relying on Bradshaw v. the UK (2025), the author finds that the ECtHR’s insufficient reliance on protective duties (positive obligations) risks undermining the effectiveness of the protection of liberal democracy.
Cheng-Yi HUANG
Professor Cheng-Yi Huang discusses the concept of constitutional fidelity and asks if there is a duty of disloyalty on the part of public officials when faced with potentially unconstitutional policies from the executive. He looks specifically at the legal conditions and restrictions placed on dual citizens of Taiwan and China who seek to hold public positions in Taiwan. He concludes that constitutional fidelity and the duty of disloyalty are two sides of the same coin since public officials are ultimately charged to uphold the constitutional order itself, not the interests of a political party.
Aleksandra GLISZCZYŃSKA-GRABIAS
Aleksandra Gliszczyńska-Grabias introduces a new symposium on the Blog, ‘Safeguarding Democracy Now: New Varieties of Militant Democracy’, by examining militant memory and its rule of law implications in Poland and the USA.




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Anna ŚLEDZIŃSKA-SIMON
Prof. Anna Śledzińska-Simon concludes the Safeguarding Democracy Now symposium, arguing for gender equality to be part of militant democracy.