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Defiance of EU Law by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal
Defiance of EU Law by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal

Anna WOJCIK

The first and most critical element of democratic backsliding in post-2015 Poland was the capture of the Constitutional Tribunal, which was first neutralized before being taken over. Since 2016, the Constitutional Tribunal has ceased to fulfill its constitutional role…

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The Constitutional Court of Romania against Gender Stereotypes: A Landmark Decision on Gender Equality and Identity
The Constitutional Court of Romania against Gender Stereotypes: A Landmark Decision on Gender Equality and Identity

Marieta SAFTA

In December 2020, the Romanian Constitutional Court (CCR) issued a landmark decision on gender equality and identity concerning a legislative initiative to amend the National Education Law…

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Estonian Constitutional Court: EU Conformity as a Supra-Legal Goal
Estonian Constitutional Court: EU Conformity as a Supra-Legal Goal

Paloma Krõõt TUPAY

Estonia regained independence in 1991, putting an end to a period of more than 50 years of Soviet occupation. The hurdles the country had to overcome in this new beginning – to become today's small but successful democratic e-state – were great…

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Moments of Courage: The Abolition of the Death Penalty by the Hungarian Constitutional Court
Moments of Courage: The Abolition of the Death Penalty by the Hungarian Constitutional Court

Eszter BODNÁR

Selecting a single judgment from the extensive 34-year repository of case law of the Hungarian Constitutional Court (or any court, for that matter) is a task fraught with complexity. To draw a comparison, in 2021, the first Hungarian project, akin to the renowned "Grands arrêts," meticulously curated a collection of the 100 most pivotal cases…

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The Crotty case and EU Treaty Referendums in Ireland
The Crotty case and EU Treaty Referendums in Ireland

Maria CAHILL

In Ireland, referendums to change the Constitution are a rather common affair. There have been forty-one since the Constitution was adopted in 1937, with twelve in a ten-year period from 2009 until 2019…

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Not a ‘Usual Suspect’, but Definitely Noteworthy: The Portuguese Constitutional Court and its Landmarks
Not a ‘Usual Suspect’, but Definitely Noteworthy: The Portuguese Constitutional Court and its Landmarks

Catarina SANTOS BOTELHO & Martha VICENTE

This contribution is aimed at unveiling Portugal’s constitutional landmark judgment(s). Selecting a landmark is obviously a methodological endeavour which requires legal scholars to identify and explain the criteria to be used in the process of narrowing down positive candidates…

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Guest Editor’s Introduction: Constitutional Landmark Judgments in Europe
Guest Editor’s Introduction: Constitutional Landmark Judgments in Europe

Eleonora BOTTINI

The Constitutional Landmark Judgments Project has arrived at its sixth season with this new symposium about Europe. The project was sparked by the intuition that explaining the context, the rationale, and the outcome of a landmark case, provides constitutional scholars from other legal systems with a privileged window into understanding a foreign constitutional system…

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