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Freedom of Association at the United Nations
Freedom of Association at the United Nations

Ruairi MCINTYRE

Article 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the principal guarantee of the right to freedom of association under the treaties of the United Nations, provides that…

Freedom of Association: Its Constitutional Protection in Peru
Freedom of Association: Its Constitutional Protection in Peru

Miluska ORBEGOSO SILVA

Freedom of association, in the Peruvian legal system, is recognised in Article 213 of the Political Constitution of Peru of 1993, which states…

The Right to Freedom of Association in Mexico
The Right to Freedom of Association in Mexico

José Juan ANZURES GURRIA

The Mexican Constitution recognizes freedom of association in article 9, but it does not define it. In more than one hundred years of the Mexican Constitution, this article has not been modified and there is no secondary law regulating it…

The Implied Right of Association in the US
The Implied Right of Association in the US

Ashutosh BHAGWAT

The Freedom of Association is widely considered a fundamental political right, central to enabling political participation in democratically organized societies...

Indigenous Communities, Freedom of Association, and Democracy in the Inter-American System of Human Rights
Indigenous Communities, Freedom of Association, and Democracy in the Inter-American System of Human Rights

Rafael JEREZ MORENO

To address the role played by the Inter-American System of Human Rights to strengthen democracy in the Americas and the Caribbean, it is essential to refer to its normative and jurisprudential precedents...

Freedom of Association as Touchstone of Healthy Democracy: Perspectives from the ECHR
Freedom of Association as Touchstone of Healthy Democracy: Perspectives from the ECHR

Maria CAHILL

The European Convention on Human Rights affirms, in Article 11.1, that everyone has the right “to freedom of peaceful assembly and to freedom of association”, specifically recognising the right to form and to join trade unions...

Freedom of Association in Germany
Freedom of Association in Germany

Leannan O'GRADY

While the right to freedom of association (Vereinigungsfreiheit) as a fundamental right (Grundrecht) existed in the 1919 Weimarer Constitution, it was abolished by the Reichstag Fire Decree of 1933 and further undermined under National Socialist rule...

Freedom of Association in Ireland
Freedom of Association in Ireland

Seán Ó CONAILL

This blog post examines the nature, scope, and rationale that underpin the right to freedom of association in Ireland. It is a Constitutional right, found in Article 40.6.1(iii) of the Irish Constitution...

The Republican Commitment Contract for Associations in France: Further Restrictions on Freedom of Association
The Republican Commitment Contract for Associations in France: Further Restrictions on Freedom of Association

Vanessa BARBÉ

The right to freedom of association is a major fundamental right in France since a landmark decision of the Constitutional Court in 1971. In this decision, the Court held not only that freedom of association was a constitutional right, but also that the Constitutional Court could overrule an Act of Parliament...

The Polish paradox: Freedom of association as the supreme value even at the expense of adequate supervision
The Polish paradox: Freedom of association as the supreme value even at the expense of adequate supervision

Filip CYUNCZYK

When in 2014, the District Court in Białystok dismissed the prosecutor's application to outlaw the association of the local football club's fans, in its ruling, it not only emphasised the fundamental value of associations in a democratic state...

Compulsory student union membership as a challenge to freedom of association in Finland
Compulsory student union membership as a challenge to freedom of association in Finland

Riku NEUVONEN

Finland has been called “the promised land of associations”. The Nordic country has an exceptionally high number of associations relative to its population, and almost every Finn belongs to one or more...

Freedom of Association in Australia
Freedom of Association in Australia

Nicholas ARONEY & Mark FOWLER

Australia is an international outlier in relation to the legal protection of freedom of association. As one of the only countries in the world without a national bill of rights, freedom of association is legally protected and regulated in Australia principally by the common law...

Freedom of Association in China: Rights and Culture
Freedom of Association in China: Rights and Culture

Shaoming ZHU

In China, freedom of association is primarily viewed as a political right embedded within the Constitution, with a focus on prioritizing broader public values of social stability and communal welfare...

The Evolution of Freedom of Association in Egypt: Insights from the Supreme Constitutional Court
The Evolution of Freedom of Association in Egypt: Insights from the Supreme Constitutional Court

Eman Muhammad RASHWAN

Despite its centrality as a fundamental constitutional principle and human right, the right to freedom of association (RFA) in Egypt is under-studied and often reduced to the situation of unions and syndicates in Egyptian law...

The South African Constitutional Court’s Developing Conceptualisations of Freedom of Association
The South African Constitutional Court’s Developing Conceptualisations of Freedom of Association

Sahara NANKAN

Section 18 of the South African Constitution states that, ‘everyone has a right to freedom of association’ . Over the past 28 years the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of South Africa has sought to give meaning to this textually broad right...

Restrictions to the Free Exercise of Freedom of Association in Ethiopia
Restrictions to the Free Exercise of Freedom of Association in Ethiopia

Kelali K. NEGESSE

The freedom of association is one of the human rights recognized under the 1995 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Constitution. In practice, the enjoyment of the right is subject to various restrictions and limitations...

Navigating the Contours of the Right to Freedom of Association in Nigeria
Navigating the Contours of the Right to Freedom of Association in Nigeria

Femi AMAO

The evolution of the right to freedom of association in Nigeria is intertwined with the history of Nigeria as an independent modern state...

Introducing a New Blog Symposium: Exploring Freedom of Association Collaboratively
Introducing a New Blog Symposium: Exploring Freedom of Association Collaboratively

Maria CAHILL & Cinzia RUGGERI

Freedom of association is an unusual fundamental right because it protects individuals in their sociality rather than in their individuality. The connection between individuality and sociality inherent in freedom of association has not yet been fully confronted by courts...